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** Scroll to bottom of page for the expedition blog! **
The IceAGE3 expedition, carried out as part of the IceAGE project, will use the latest marine technology to explore, map and sample a variety of deep-sea ecosystems, ranging from spectacular cold-water coral gardens on the Icelandic shelf, to the chemical-dependent fauna of hydrothermal vents at the mid-Atlantic ridge, and the myriad of creatures that are adapted to inhabit the deep ocean. The overall aim is to understand better the connections between the different habitats and ecosystems found within the Atlantic around Iceland.
Key areas of investigation include better understanding of the genetic, morphological, and environmental patterns in Atlantic ecosystems and habitats, and the correlation and relationships between them. Larger issues under investigation are related to the different Atlantic water masses: the deep waters around Iceland include boreal, subarctic, and Arctic zones that hold discrete bodies of water, which allow scientists to compare the deep-sea ecosystems that are found in different locations. How much variation exists between basins in the deep sea? Is there gene flow between deep-sea basins? Do we see the same patterns in the deep sea and the continental shelf?
After leaving port in Emden on 22 June 2020, the RV Sonne will travel northwards to the Norwegian Basin, where the team will start their sampling in waters more than 4000 m deep. Cruising towards the gradually shallower waters of the Icelandic shelf (up to 800 m water depth), the team will explore the habitats and inhabitants of the abyssal plain, including cold-water coral gardens that are expected to be seen along the thermocline in approximately 900 m water depth. The team will use multibeam bathymetric mapping to make a detailed map of the seafloor, before using the Remotely Operated Vehicle ROV Kiel 6000 to dive down and explore targeted areas – the ROV is equipped with high-definition cameras, and we hope to livestream footage from the seafloor back to scientists and colleagues back on land.
Next, we will cross the Iceland-Faroe Ridge to fill in the gaps in a map of a large coral reef known as “Lóndsjúp”, located on the shelf break south of Iceland, and also revisit some sample locations from previous expeditions. From here, the ship will continue along the Reykjanes Ridge – the portion of the mid-Atlantic Ridge just south of Iceland – to find and investigate the hydrothermal vent site that IceAGE scientists expect to find there from looking at existing mapping data.
Finally, for the third and final part of the expedition, RV Sonne will sail southwards into gradually deeper waters, examining the changes in conditions and ecosystems along the way, finishing in the Iceland Basin at more than >4500m water depth.
Who’s on board?
The RV Sonne is home to a team of 34 German participants, who have responsibility for making sure the ROV and other equipment is working well. The expedition is led by deep-sea biologist Dr Saskia Brix, who is based at Institute SENCKENBERG am Meer (German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, DZMB). With her and the Senckenberg team are colleagues from a range of other German institutions, including GEOMAR, MARUM, CeNak, BSH, University of Hamburg, Oldenburg and Hannover as well as Goethe University Frankfurt, who bring expertise in biodiversity, marine geology, physical oceanography.
How has COVID-19 affected expedition preparations?
Nearly all marine science cruises have been postponed during the coronavirus pandemic, with most research vessels returning back to their home ports. However, with careful preparation and planning, this expedition – which, due to international travel restrictions, is carrying only German researchers instead of the planned international IceAGE team – was able to go ahead. The whole crew has been working from home offices for 2 weeks and then confined in quarantine for 3 days before departure, with meticulous testing of everyone for COVID-19 before boarding the ship. The ship’s medical facility is equipped with virus testing equipment, and everyone on board will observe strict hygiene measures, including allowing only single occupancy of cabins – something of a luxury for a research vessel!
How can I follow the action?
The team on board RV Sonne will be sending daily updates from the ship via a cruise blog – our primary blogger-on-board is geoscientist and seafloor mapping expert Mia Schumacher from GEOMAR. To follow the blog, see the links at the bottom of the page – from here you can follow all the action from the ship, find out what how marine scientists take samples from the seafloor thousands of metres below the ship, and read about life on board a research ship. We will also bring you footage from the ROV as it explores the deep-sea world, and there will be opportunities to ask the science team questions and (internet connection permitting!) engage in some live chat with the team on board. You can also follow progress via Twitter @IceAGE_RR, Instagram and Facebook (both @SenckenbergWorld).
Livestream from the ROV Kiel 6000 on selected dives is available to watch at www.youtube.com/senckenbergworld
Expedition Blog
RV Polarstern polar transit expedition: Cape Town – Bremerhaven.
Polar transit expedition in the east Atlantic: Bremerhaven to Cape Town.
Map benthic communities inhabiting unexplored areas around the Azores, identify new areas that fit the FAO VME definition; and determine distribution patterns of deep-sea benthic biodiversity. Dates TBC.
Mapping vertical walls and island slopes around the Azores with a submersible – summer 2020, dates to be confirmed
Postponed from June 2020 – awaiting new dates
Maintenance of the EMSO-Azores autonomous observatory at Lucky Strike, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: ROV transects, biological and chemical sampling, CTDs casts
UK GOSHIP section A05 – also called RAPID, located at 24ºN – full GO-SHIP hydrographic cruise (CTD,ADCP, full suite of nutrients, carbon etc)
Depart Fort Lauderdale, United States on 16 January 2020, return to port in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain on 1 March 2020.
This cruise is part of the UK’s CLASS programme.
RRS Discovery ship programme is currently suspended – awaiting further information
Mooring recovery and re-deployment in the Iceland Basin and Rockall Trough, including the OSNAP array in the Iceland Basin and the Ellett array in Rockall Trough. Work will include hydrography, water chemistry and mooring maintenance.
RRS Discovery ship programme is currently suspended – awaiting further information on rescheduling
The primary purpose of this cruise is to service the Porcupine Abyssal Plain observatory, take biological samples and carry out benthic surveying
Named after the long-lived Welwitschia mirabilis plant of western Africa, the iMirabilis expedition is one of the flagship “Demonstrator Capacity Building cruises” of the iAtlantic project. The cruise will take place on the Spanish Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa (SdG) from July to October 2021 (postponed from 2020).
The ship will travel from Vigo to Mindelo (Cape Verde) where the first Leg of iMirabilis will take place. After working in Cape Verde waters, the ship will travel to Walvis Bay (Namibia) where the second leg of iMirabilis will begin including research areas off Namibia (Walvis Ridge) and off South Africa. The cruise will finish in Cape Town.
iMirabilis is an international multidisciplinary expedition with activities contributing to many tasks across iAtlantic’s work packages. At-sea activities will study both the water column (e.g. measuring oceanographic parameters, water and plankton sampling) and the seafloor. iMirabilis mobilises state-of-the-art seabed survey equipment including the Autonomous Underwater vehicle (AUV) Autosub6000 and the Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Luso (EMEPC). This advanced technology allows iAtlantic to explore benthic ecosystems in great detail producing large high-resolution photographic results that will be processed automatically using new machine learning approaches.
The results of these surveys will be used to produce high resolution habitat maps in South Atlantic areas from which scarce or no-information is currently available. Moreover, the ROV Luso will allow collection of selected specimens for taxonomic purposes and for dating. Furthermore, new technologies will be tested during iMirabilis including the eDNA ‘MAPS’ sampler recently developed by researchers from National Oceanography Centre (UKRI-NOC). Seabed lander equipment will also be deployed during iMirabilis to obtain in situ information on environmental parameters and demersal deep-sea fish fauna. Ex situ experimental work will also take place on the ship, including short-term aquaria experiments with specimens collected with the ROV and incubations of sediment cores, collected by multicore and dredges.
Beyond the pure research activities, iMirabilis includes detailed training and capacity building components, for instance, young researchers from Cape Verde will join the cruise during the transits to be trained in seabird identification and seabird census techniques. Furthermore, outreach activities are planned in the harbours the ship will visit at the beginning and end of the cruise as well as between the expedition legs.
© 2020 iAtlantic. All rights reserved.
Photo by : Andrew Stevenson
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 818123 (iAtlantic). This output reflects only the author’s view and the European Union cannot be held responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.